Option Parameters
The Greeks
Price Grid Heatmap
Visualize option prices across different stock prices (horizontal) and volatilities (vertical)
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Professional options pricing calculator with advanced grid visualization
Visualize option prices across different stock prices (horizontal) and volatilities (vertical)
Click "Simulate Grid" to generate heatmap
The Black-Scholes model is one of the most important contributions to modern financial theory, revolutionizing the derivatives market since its publication in 1973. This groundbreaking formula was developed by Fischer Black and Myron Scholes, with significant contributions from Robert Merton.
In 1997, Myron Scholes and Robert Merton were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for their method to determine the value of derivatives. Fischer Black had passed away in 1995, but his contributions were acknowledged in the prize citation.
The formula enabled the explosive growth of the derivatives market, which today represents trillions of dollars in notional value. It provided the first complete mathematical framework for pricing European options.
The model makes several key assumptions: constant volatility, constant risk-free rate, log-normal distribution of stock prices, no dividends during the option's life (later extended), and the ability to trade continuously without transaction costs.
Call Option: C = S₀ × N(d₁) - K × e^(-rT) × N(d₂)
Put Option: P = K × e^(-rT) × N(-d₂) - S₀ × N(-d₁)
Where: d₁ = [ln(S₀/K) + (r + σ²/2)T] / (σ√T)
And: d₂ = d₁ - σ√T
This elegant mathematical relationship connects an option's price to five key variables: current stock price (S₀), strike price (K), time to expiration (T), risk-free rate (r), and volatility (σ).
Today, the Black-Scholes model remains the foundation for options pricing, though practitioners have developed numerous extensions and improvements to address its limitations, including stochastic volatility models and jump-diffusion processes.
Use our calculator above to explore this Nobel Prize-winning formula and see how changes in market parameters affect option prices and the Greeks in real-time.